Treanáil
Training
schedules 2007:
Monday: 6.30-7.45 U14 Hurling – Brian Mulkerrins
Tuesday: 6.30-7.30 U12 Hurling Tom Mc Dermott
7.30-9.00 Inter/Junior/U21
Hurling – Kenneth Fox
Wednesday: 6.30-7.45 U-14 Hurling
U-10/U12/U14
Camogie Concepta Croke
Thursday:U-16 Hurling Brid Conneely
Friday: U-8 and U-10 hurling John
Connell Aodh Davoren
Sunday 10.30-12.30: Minor and U-16
hurling Padraic Kelly
Useful Training related information:
The key to success with any team is good organisation and careful
planning. The following are some ideas on how to go about planning a successful
seasons. Many of the problems that can arise between players, mentors and
players or even between the mentors themselves can be overcome by planning.
Role Definition:
It is important that each mentor knows exactly what role they have in the
group.
· Who does the ringing? Who makes out the session?
· Who looks after the gear?
· Who does the talking before the match and at half time
etc?
Decision Making:
Normally there is one person who leads the
group and they must be sensitive to rights of others while at the same time
making sure there is clear direction. As a rule it is a bad idea to vote over
team selection. The selector who loses the vote is going away unhappy with the
team. Keep talking around the issue until some resolution can be met to satisfy
every-one. Usually it involves a compromise such as "we can always change
it if it isn't working".
Decide on the panels and make it clear how to get on the panel.
Often the players may be on two panels such as senior and intermediate or
hurling and football and it is up to both sets of mentors to be sensitive to
the needs of the other panel, and more importantly the player themselves. It is
very important that the player is not caught between two camps as inevitably
everyone loses.
It is useful to have team meeting at the start of the season. This
meeting should address such aspects is:
Goal Setting:
It is very important that the team agrees
a goal for itself before the season commences. These goals should be clear,
precise, measurable, realistic, and should be written down. Not only should the
team have goals, each player should have their own personal goals. These goals
should be mainly performance goals. That is, the player should set out some
specific aspects of their own game that they are going to improve this season.
It could be their fitness level, speed, strength, passing ability, scoring
rate, commitment, concentrating levels; anything that they feel will improve
their performance. Again they should write them down.
Agreed Rules of Squad:
It is much more affective if the team sits down as a group and decides on
realistic rules that each player should adhere to. What is the rule on
punctuality, attendance, drinking of alcohol, diet, effort during training etc.
Don't decide for instance that everyone will give up drink for the year unless
everyone is totally committed to it.
Individual Responsibility:
Get the group to discuss what each player is personally responsible for,
examples include fitness levels, diet, equipment, their mental preparation and
their discipline are things that only the player themselves have control over
and thus are entirely their responsibility. The morale in the squad, the
encouragement of others, having a positive attitude at all times are the
responsibilities of everyone involved in the squad and not just the coach or
manager.
Various demands:
The squad should identify the differing demands that are on the members of the
squad. Some are married, some are students, some are on shift work, and some
are on other teams such as county panels and so on. It is useful if these
demands are discussed openly and appropriate level of commitment that players
need to give should be decided on.
The coach needs to sit down with his backroom team and decide a
training structure for the team. The important dates and fixtures need to be
identified.
Training should then geared towards meeting the goals as outlined
by the group. The aspect of training to be emphasised at a particular stage in
the season needs to be decided on.
A checklist of all gear that is required for training should be
drawn up.
The smooth running of training session is vital to the smooth
running of the team. If players come down and see an well-organised set-up and
a coach who has prepared his session they are more likely to respond in a
positive fashion. It is well documented that the most successful and
experienced coaches spend much more time planning their sessions then the
novice coach.
These are all areas that need to be incorporated into a
comprehensive training programme. Deciding on how much of each and at what
stage in the season you do each, is the key to developing a successful training
programme.
The objective of endurance training is to
develop the energy production system(s) to meet the demands of the event. What
are the energy production systems ?
In the human body, food energy is used to
manufacture adenosine triphosphate (ATP) the chemical compound that supplies
energy for muscular contraction. Since ATP is in very low concentrations in the
muscle, and since it decreases only to a minor extent, even in the most intense
voluntary contraction, tightly controlled energy pathways exist for the
continual regeneration of ATP as muscular contraction continues. For continuous
exercise, ATP must be re-synthesised at the same rate as it is utilised. What
types of endurance are there ?
The types of endurance are Aerobic endurance, Anaerobic endurance, Speed
endurance and Strength endurance. A sound basis of aerobic endurance is
fundamental for all events.
Aerobic Endurance
Aerobic means 'with oxygen'. During
aerobic work the body is working at a level that the demands for oxygen and
fuel can be meet by the body's intake. The only waste products formed are
carbon dioxide and water. These are removed as sweat and by breathing out.
Aerobic endurance can sub-divided as
follows:
Aerobic endurance is developed through the
use of
Interval training to improve the heart as a muscular pump.
Anaerobic endurance
Anaerobic means 'without oxygen'. During anaerobic work, involving
maximum effort, the body is working so hard that the demands for oxygen and
fuel exceed the rate of supply and the muscles have to rely on the stored
reserves of fuel. In this case waste products accumulate, the chief one being
lactic acid. The muscles, being starved of oxygen, take the body into a state
known as oxygen debt. The body's stored fuel soon runs out and activity ceases
- painfully. Activity will not be resumed until the lactic acid is removed and
the oxygen debt repaid. Fortunately the body can resume limited activity after
even only a small proportion of the oxygen debt has been repaid. Since lactic
acid is produced the correct term for this pathway is lactic anaerobic energy
pathway. The alactic anaerobic pathway is the one in which the body is working
anaerobically but without the production of lactic acid. This pathway can exist
only so long as the fuel actually stored in the muscle lasts, approximately 4
seconds at maximum effort.
Anaerobic endurance can sub-divided as
follows:
· Short anaerobic - less
than 25 seconds (mainly alactic)
· Medium anaerobic - 25
seconds to 60 seconds (mainly lactic)
· Long anaerobic - 60
seconds to 120 seconds (lactic +aerobic)
Anaerobic endurance can be developed by
using repetition methods of relatively high intensity work with limited
recovery.
Speed endurance
Speed endurance is used to develop the co-ordination of muscle
contraction in the climate of endurance. Repetition methods are used with a
high number of sets, low number of repetitions per set and an intensity greater
than 85% with distances covered from 60% to 120% of racing distance.
Competition and time trials can be used in the development of speed endurance.
Strength endurance
Strength endurance is used to develop the athlete's capacity to
maintain the quality of their muscles' contractile force in a climate of
endurance. All athletes need to develop a basic level of strength endurance.
Injury
Prevention
Like most athletes, you undoubtedly want to lower your chances of
incurring an injury while participating in your favorite sport. Injuries
decrease the amount of time you can spend in leisure activities, lower your
fitness, downgrade competitive performance, and can lead to long term health
problems such as arthritis. There are some general rules for injury avoidance
which apply to all sports. Sports scientists suggest that injury rates could be
reduced by 25% if athletes took appropriate preventative action.
Common Misconceptions
Coaches and athletes believe that males
have higher injury rates than females. Male and female athletes have about the
same injury rate per hour of training. Among runners it is considered that
training speed is the cause of injuries (Speed Kills) but research indicates
that there is no link between speed and injury risk.
Do not overdo it
The amount of training you carry out plays
a key role in determining your real injury risk Studies have shown that your
best direct injury predictor may be the amount of training you completed last
month. Fatigued muscles do a poor job of protecting their associated connective
tissues, increasing the risk of damage to bone, cartilage, tendons and
ligaments. If you are a runner, the link between training quantity and injury
means that the total mileage is an excellent indicator of your injury risk. The
more miles you accrue per week, the higher the chances of injury. One recent
investigation found a marked upswing in injury risk above 40 miles of running
per week.
The two best predictors of injury
If you have been injured before you are
much more likely to get hurt than an athlete who has been injury free. Regular
exercises has a way of uncovering the weak areas of the body. If you have knees
that are put under heavy stress, because of your unique biomechanics during
exercises, your knees are likely to hurt when you engage in your sport for a
prolonged time. After recovery you re-establish your desired training load
without modification to your biomechanics then your knees are likely to be
injured again.
The second predictor of injury is probably
the number of consecutive days of training you carry out each week. Scientific
studies strongly suggest that reducing the number of consecutive days of training
can lower the risk of injury Recovery time reduces injury rates by giving
muscles and connective tissues an opportunity to restore and repair themselves
between work-outs.
Psychological Factors
Some studies have shown that athletes who
are aggressive, tense, and compulsive have a higher risk of injury than their
relaxed peers. Tension may make muscles and tendons taughter, increasing the
risk that they will be harmed during work-outs.
Weak Muscles
Many injuries are caused by weak muscles
which simply are not ready to handle the specific demands of your sport. This
is why people who start a running programme for the first time often do well
for a few weeks but then, as they add the mileage on, suddenly develop foot or
ankle problems, hamstring soreness or perhaps lower back pain. Their bodies
simply are not strong enough to cope with the demands of the increased training
load. For this reason, it is always wise to couple resistance training with
regular training.
Muscle imbalance
Screening for muscle imbalances is the
current cutting edge of injury prevention. The rationale behind this is that
there are detectable and correctable abnormalities of muscle strength and
length that are fundamental to the development of almost all musculoskeletal
pain and dysfunction. Detection of these abnormalities and correction before
injury has occurred should be part of any injury prevention strategy.
Assessment of muscle strength and balance and regular sports massage can be
beneficial in this strategy.
Make it specific
Resistance training can fortify muscles
and make them less susceptible to damage, especially if the strength building
exercises involve movements that are similar to those associated with the
sport. Time should be devoted to developing the muscle groups, strength
training, appropriate to the demands of your sport. If you are a thrower then
lots of time should be spent developing muscles at the front of the shoulder
which increases the force with which you can throw, but you must also work
systematically on the muscles at the back of the shoulder which control and
stabilise the shoulder joint.
Injury Prevention Tips
Coaches
The key is rapid action when the injury first appears and a lot of
psychological support to back up the remedial treatment. It is when things are
not going well that the athlete really needs their coach
Treatment of
Acute Sporting Injuries
Immediate treatment for almost all acute athletic injuries is
Rest, Ice, Compression, and Elevation (RICE).
Rest is instituted immediatley to minimize hemorrhage, injury and
swelling. Ice causes dermal vasoconstriction and helps limit inflammation and
reduce pain. Compression and elevation help limit edema. The injured part
should be elevated. A bag that is chemically cooled or filled with chipped or
crushed ice (which will conform bette than ice cubes to body contours) should
be placed on a towel over the injured part. An elastic bandage should be
wrapped over the ice bag and around the injured part, loosely enough to permit
blood flow. After 10 min, the wrapping and the ice bag should be removed, but
the injured part should be kept elevated. After a further 10 min, the ice bag
and the wrapping should be replaced. Ten minutes with and without ice should be
alternated for 60 to 90 mi. This procedure can be repeated several times during
the first 24h.
Pathology of ice application
Cold limits swelling by vasoconstruction
and reduction in capillary permeability. It helps to limit pain by reducing
impulse transmission from pain receptors. It limits muscle spasm by reducing
impulse tranmission from tendon receptors to muscles. It limits tissue
destruction by decreasing cellular metabolism. Prolonged application of ice,
however, can cause vasodilation, increased swelling, pain, and tissue
destruction.
Supports and splints
In most injuries, pain is greatly reduced
if the injured part is immobolized correctly. Supportive bandaging or splinting
reduces stress, prevents painful movements, and helps control the swelling
which is produced when tissues of any kind are damaged. Inflatable splints are
a very convenient method of providing a comfortable, removable, adjustable
support to a led or an arm. A simple splinting method is to tie one injured
part to a neighbouring uninjured part, with crepe bandages, cotton bandages, or
scarves and towels. Splints and bandages should never be tight, as they can
constrict the blood flow and cause further damage. To check the circulation,
you should press on the thum-nail or toe-nail on the bandaged limb, to see
whether the blood returns to the nail immediately after the pressure has turned
it white. If the blood return is sluggish, the bandage must be loosened or
removed immediately. It is best not to use non-stretch strapping as a first-aid
binding.
Applying heat
Whereas cold therapy can be applied
immediately to an injury, and continued through the rehabilitation phases for
as long as there is swelling, bruising and pain, heat should only be applied,
if at all, in the recovery phases of rehabilitation. Applying heat draws blood
to the skin under the heat source. This tends to increase internal bleeding or
fluid exudate (swelling) in an immediate injury. Therefore heat is not
appropriate in first-aid. Heat is used later on to relieve muscle tension,
promoting relaxation.
Creams
Massage, like heat, aggravates the situation
when an injury has just happened. Any cream applied must be laid gently on the
skin and allowed to soak in. If you rub it in, not only do you risk increasing
internal bleeding, but you could stimulate blood clotting and bone formation in
torn muscle fibres.
Useful links
How to test fitness: www.topendsports.com
A-Z of injuries: www.medisport.co.uk
Other club sites: http://www.clubgaa.ie/